Kyoto is a historic city in central Japan that is known for its many temples, shrines, and gardens, and is a popular destination for traditional Japanese culture.

Tokyo is the capital of Japan and the largest city in the world by population, with over 37 million people in the greater Tokyo area.

The Mongol invasions of Japan in the 13th century were repelled by a combination of strategic planning and a typhoon that destroyed the invading fleet.