The 16th century saw the rise of Oda Nobunaga, Toyotomi Hideyoshi, and Tokugawa Ieyasu, who were instrumental in unifying Japan under a centralized government.

The electronic voting machine, first introduced in Japan in the 1990s, has improved the accuracy and efficiency of voting.

Japanese athletes have competed in a wide variety of sports at the Olympics, including judo, gymnastics, swimming, and athletics.