The Mongol invasions of Japan in the 13th century were repelled by a combination of strategic planning and a typhoon that destroyed the invading fleet.

Osaka is Japan's third-largest city and a major commercial and industrial hub, with a population of over 19 million people in the greater Osaka area.

The Japanese wood pigeon, also known as the "tekura," is a species of pigeon that is native to Japan's forests and is known for its distinctive cooing call.